Basic knowledge of PC systems and software and hardware failure troubleshooting simple Daquan

【 】 Raiders encyclopedia Windows.


Alt key using 12 strokes. .


1. activate the command *: press the ALT key to activate the menu bar of the active window, the menu bar of the first menu becomes highlighted, and press the Alt key and a letter you can activate this letter represents the menu item, press ALT + F you can activate the current window "file (File)" menu. In addition, in the dialog box, press the ALT key plus the underlined letters you can select this option and perform the appropriate action.


2, to terminate a process: Press Ctrl + Alt + Del key combination can bring up a "close program" dialog box, select a particular process, and then click "End Task" to quickly end the process. Again press Ctrl + Alt + Del key combination you can restart your computer. .


3, pop-up drop-down list in the dialog box, you can use Alt + down arrow key to eject a selected drop-down list to avoid going to move the mouse to find and click the list box of the down arrow button.


4, Quick View properties: press Alt + Enter key combination or hold down the Alt key and mouse left button double-click an object (such as the Explorer window in the right folder, files, desktop icons and so on, the left window of the file No folder), you can quickly open its "Properties" dialog box. It acts as right mouse and select "Properties." .


5. switch the DOS window: press ALT + Enter key combination in a window and full screen mode toggle MS-DOS.


6, universal hotkeys drawings: In the running game or other application software, when the screen appears fine screen by pressing Alt + PrintScreen when the key combination, you can put the currently active window or dialog box, copy the contents to the clipboard, and then call " brush "or other drawing program, select" Edit "menu" Paste "item, you can call up a beautiful picture to. .


7. close the application: press the Alt + F4 keys can be the quickest way to shut down any applications, instead of on the file menu or tool bar to look for and click the "exit" or "off".


8, switch applications: Hold down the Alt key, then press the Tab key, you can row in a dialog box shows the current program has been running all the current active program icons and icon and name, as long as the release of Alt Key will be able to immediately switch to that application, called "cold switch." .


9. open the control menu in the application, press ALT + SPACEBAR can directly open the system control menu.


10 Undo the last step operation: in each dialog box, Windows 98, all of the edit box * as are available through Alt + Backspace key to undo the effect and Ctrl + Z exactly the same. This feature also applies to all Microsoft word processing software, such as Notepad, Writer, WORD, etc.. In addition, key combination can also be used to undo the move or rename files and other documents * for. .


11, toggle accessibility options: on the need to use the accessibility shortcut keys for a specific user, the ALT key as you can. For example, pressing the left ALT + left Shift + Print Sscreen keys to switch high contrast switches; hold down the left Alt + left Shift + Num Lock key to switch the mouse switch.


12, in Word: Select text, press the Alt key and if I drag the mouse, compared with column selection mode (otherwise the row selection mode); the drag ruler or form lines, you can not see the exact data However, if the first press the Alt key and drag or click, you get accurate data. .


Complete Windows XP speed.


Windows XP is now very popular, and in the process of using it, you feel the speed of many localities also 没有 Windows 9x system fast? Such as access to Network Neighborhood, turn off, and so, here we come one by one to upgrade their speed. .


1. accelerating network neighborhood.


Internet access in Windows XP is quite annoying neighbor's, the system will search your the shared directory and Ke Zuowei network share printers Yijijihua task in and network-related scheduled tasks before releasing the Chu Lai, Xianran this Sudujiuhui Bi Windows 9x in much slower. In fact, we did not use these features on its no worse than delete them, this will significantly speed up the pace.。.


2, the scroll bar to reduce boot time. .


Each time you start Windows XP, the blue scroll bars on several times, in fact, here we can also make it scroll time reduced to speed up the startup speed. . .


3, to speed up boot speed.


In XP, shutdown, system will send a message to run the program and the remote server, tell them to shut down the system and wait until receiving the response from the system shutdown.。.


4, remove the menu delay. .


In order to achieve the Visual realism in Windows XP when you open the menu slide-out effect, but this would delay the opening speed. We can be found under the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop "MenuShowDelay" primary key, its value to "0" you can remove the menu delay effect.


5, to improve broadband speeds. .


The Professional Edition of Windows XP the default retains 20 percent of the bandwidth, in fact, it is not the individual user. In particular, let it idle might as well take advantage of it.


In the "Start → Run", type gpedit. . Msc, open the Group Policy Editor. Find the "Computer Configuration → Administrative Templates → Network → QoS Packet Scheduler" and select the right "to retain the bandwidth limit", select "Properties" to open the bandwidth limit may retain the Properties dialog box, select "Disable" button. This release of the reserved bandwidth, the Internet is very useful friend. .


XP in some little thing.


1. . Free system Tutorial (system32 folder). .


After you install Windows XP at learning and experience the charm of it? we no longer did the legwork to find pesky text materials. Simply select the "start" → "roaming Windows XP", the interface that will guide us to explore the new features of Windows XP.


Tip: Windows XP comes with a tutorial in the very image of a graphical interface, and making quite fine, Microsoft's authoritative imagine. If your "Start" menu, there is no "roaming Windows XP" program, you can run C: \ Windows \ System32 \ tourstart. . Exe into. .


2. the Accessibility Wizard – Accwiz (system32 folder).


We know that Microsoft Windows provides for disabled accessibility, so that they can make the computer xx. The program can be the user's vision, hearing and action to configure our Windows, to enable people with disabilities according to their own conditions and make better use of Windows. .


3. character map – Charmap (system32 folder).


Is not that Word's "Insert Symbol" function is very convenient? We have other Windows programs often have to insert special characters, and then one by one to find the trouble, then use the "Character Map" program to help. Through the "Character Map" to view the selected font in which characters, select and click "select" and "Copy" button to copy the selected characters to the Windows clipboard, paste to use for word processing software . .


Small Tip: use it to copy special fonts special symbols are particularly useful.


4. . Cangjie Pinyin input method - CINTSETP (system32 \ IME \ Cintlgnt folder). .


Microsoft's new ChangJie IME 98b Installer, Microsoft put it in the simplified Chinese version of Windows XP, but buried more deeply. However it is very useful after you have installed Windows in a new "Chinese (Taiwan)," Chinese character input method, you can use it in simplified Chinese Windows XP via input traditional Chinese characters. This is from China, Hong Kong, Macao-mainland work was facilitated.


5. . Disk Cleanup Master - Cleanmgr (system32 folder). .


In spite of the hard disk is getting bigger and bigger now, but it has a capacity limit. You inadvertently install this or that software may cause disk space shortage has been frequently affect a normal Windows program execution. Don't worry, open the program, it will automatically free up some space on your hard disk, and will intelligently remove xx, ensure that your system is foolproof. This is from the Explorer to much safer.


6. . Clipboard viewer - Clipbrd (system32 folder). .


Windows Clipboard is, in every Windows program for the exchange of information between a bridge. But this part of the data is typically not be able to see. However, using the Clipboard Viewer you can see the current clipboard "new world". Windows XP Clipboard Viewer is lower than the original Windows 9X/Me an old version of the shared features, by setting the permissions to allow other Internet users will use the Clipboard to mount.


7. . Control Panel starter - Control. . Exe (system32 folder). .


Control Panel is an important component of Windows, many settings are completed by him. And double-click the file that is the fastest way to open the system control panel, you can save from the menu "start" and click on the layers of trouble.


8. . Windows XP in the diagnosis of doctors - Drwtsn32 (system32 folder). .


Drwtsn32 is a program error debugger. DrWatson program will obtain and record run Windows programs on your computer. If an error is detected, you will create a text file (Drwtsn32. .log), provide a detailed description of the cause of the error, and gives recommendations to resolve the issue, at the made sex xx and contact Microsoft technical support and request help, Drwatson will play a significant role.


9. . DVD player - DVDplay (system32 folder). .


With the DVD drive and DVD price drop in the average home PC equipped with a DVD player has is not a luxury. Need to play a DVD-player support, Windows XP provides a "free" DVD players, and with it we can save money buying a third-party DVD playback software.


10. . Self-extracting file creation tools - Iexpress (system32 folder). .


Use compression software readers invariably self-extracting archives, self-extracting file may not have the appropriate decompressor directly extract the compressed package file to the appropriate folder under the user. Use Iexpress to produce two kinds of self-extracting files, one is the standard self-extracting file (Standard Self-Extractor), and the other is setup for self-extracting file (Self-Extractor for Software Installation), so we're publishing program more convenient. . .


11. File Transfer Wizard-Migwiz (system32\usmt folder).


Windows system usability and instability is always co-exist, so healthy in the system when the current settings saved for re-installation after a system crash is a good idea to use. Microsoft has integrated this tool into the "File and Settings Transfer Wizard" procedure. Through it, we can achieve a system state backup and recovery. .


12. system configuration procedures — Msconfig (Windows\PChealth\HELPCTR\Binaries folder).


And Windows in the system configuration procedures, through this process, we can the system in general, SYSTEM. . Ini, WIN. . Ini, BOOT. . Ini, services and startup items to be modified. .


Small Tip: use it to remove the system from starting the program is especially effective.


13. . Backup Tool - Ntbackup (system32 folder). .


Data is the most valuable computer data is frequently backup your information should also be a good habit. Now many people seek third-party backup tools. Use the Windows XP built-in backup tool can very easily make a backup of the data, and because you are using a Microsoft product, so no compatibility issues.


14. . ODBC Data Source Administrator - Odbcad32 (system32 folder). .


In Windows, access the ODBC data source must have its driver, which can be viewed in Windows has been installed the driver and the related information.


15. . IP address detector - Nslookup (system32 folder). .


In accessing the Internet, each computer has an IP address, as well, each website has its own IP address, but unique. Through this IP reconnaissance tool ping could get real IP address. If I want to know http://www. .xxx. .com's IP address, enter the window .S. ping http://www. .xxx. .com to see.


16. . Screen Keyboard - Osk (system32 folder). .


On-screen keyboard is a utility that displays on screen virtual keyboard that allows those with mobility disabilities to use a pointing device or joystick input data. On-screen keyboard is designed for mobile users to provide a minimum level of functionality. It does not know how to type the user is also very useful. It can also be used for the most basic teaching CAI keyboard.


17. . Object Packager - Packager (system32 folder). .


Through the Object Packager we can open a file, and the introduction of the icon, and insert them into normal Windows program that can be used to manufacture computer courseware or document.


18. . Registry Editor Plus - Regedit32 (system32 folder). .


Registry Editor is used to change the system registry settings of the advanced tools. The registry contains information on how to run your computer. In Windows XP have a Regedit program, you can edit the registry, but this program is its enhanced version, in addition to editing the registry, you can set permissions for, clear the delete duplicate items, has been uninstalled or deleted entries, such as advanced as xx.


19. . ActiveX registration and anti-registration tool - Regsvr32. .


Use ActiveX knows that ActiveX is not registered is not recognized by the system and the use of, the installer will automatically put it in the use of ActiveX controls registered, but if you get a control you need to manually register? if you modify the registry that's too much trouble, in the Windows System folder has a .exe program regsvr32., it is a Windows native ActiveX registration and the registration tool. Its usage is:.


"Regsvr32 [/ s] [/ n] [/ i (: cmdline)] dllname". Dllname ActiveX control which is the file name, it is recommended before installation copied to the System folder. .


Parameters have the following meanings:.


/ U - Unregister control. .


/S – regardless of the success of registration, will not display a prompt box.


/ C - Console output. .


/I — skip the control options to install (and registered).


/ N - do not register the control, this option must be with the / i option. .


If I want to register an .ocx control amovie., the entered the regsvr32 amovie. .ocx, register it to back-when.


regsvr32 / u amovie. . Ocx on the line. .


20. a dynamic link library function initiator – Rundll32.


In Windows, using a number of dynamic link library, so that Windows programs can be shared so that all of these dynamic link library function. In general, many applications through Windows API to xx for these functions, but ultimately, through the Windows folder of rundll32. . Exe program to start the corresponding function. Its usage is: "rundll32.. Exe dynamic link library name, function name, parameter name." If I need to achieve a key off, then create a shortcut on the desktop, command line "rundll32.. Exe user..。 Another example, I want to open the Control Panel, you only need to enter the command "rundll32. shell32 .dll, .exe. Control_RunDLL", to open the desktop properties, only need to use "rundll32. .dll, .exe shell32.. .cpl" Control_RunDLL desk, rest and so on.


21. . System File Checker - Sfc (system32 folder). .


Using Windows it will not appear in the system files are corrupted or missing and if to several small file to reinstall the system, a bit of trouble. Through the System File Checker Sfc. .exe, everything will become very simple.


22. . Shared folder settings tool - Shrpubw (system32 folder). .


The same group of colleagues to work together, sometimes with colleagues on a shared folder, then we can use this tool. Its role and right-click a folder, select the "share" basically equivalent.


23. . Microsoft Signature Verification Tool - Sigverif (system32 folder). .


The so-called "signature file" is granted Microsoft digitally signed files. This sign indicates that this file is identical to the original file. Through Microsoft signature verification tool, we can find on your computer have signed and unsigned file, you can view the signed file authentication to verify that the file has not been tampered with. Highly convenient window, and find almost no different, as long as you give the search scope, you can search for a specified range of signed files and did not sign the document.


24. . Volume control program - Sndvol32. .


We will be visible on the Windows taskbar to a lovely little Horn, when we double-click it will pop up the volume control panel, in fact, when we are starting a Windows folder sndvol32. .exe file. Not the letter, please enter the Windows folder, and then open the sndvol32. . . Exe, shortcut, and to make its argument for the / R (that is, fill in the target "C: \ Windows \ Sndvol32.. Exe / R"), you can quickly open the audio control panel to select the input device has. If the device too much, the panel fit, try to press "Ctrl + S" key, no matter how many devices can be fully displayed. .


25. Task Manager – Taskmgr (system32 folder).


Task Manager provides your computer is running programs and processes information, use Task Manager to quickly view the status of running programs, or termination of the program has stopped responding. You can also use up to 15 parameters assessed the activities of running processes, and view the CPU and memory usage of graphics and data. Lock occurs when the computer used when it is most convenient and effective. .


26. remote Telnet connection procedures — (system32 folder).


In the Internet there are numerous computer, but to access them through a remote connection must be preceded by a two-computer specialized software to achieve remote connection is available, but Windows comes with a remote connection through the procedures for telnet. . Exe xx can accomplish this for, and it is pure Chinese language interface software. .


27. remote FTP tool — Tftp (system32 folder).


FTP is a network transmission protocol, through this program can be very easy to connect to each other for file server access to xx for, to save the FTP software to find, such as Di Sanfang had, shame it was a character Jiemian. .


28. .Windows upgrades – Wupdmgr (system32 folder).


After installing Windows, there will be at the top of the Start menu Windows Update menu item, it can automatically log on to Microsoft through the company's Web site to complete your Windows upgrades. But over time, probably will accidentally deleted the shortcut, and then we can open the Windows under Wupdmgr. . Exe file to complete this function. .


Windows XP is an operating system, but it's not just one operating system, only fully to play its built-in features to make better use of it. This is also the "base may not be the worst and return to base or good" sense.


XP tips to enhance performance. .


First, the abolition of the decompression functions.


Windows XP can unlock your Zip compressed file, but you are not more love Winzip, WinRAR does? Then to extract the Windows XP default function cancel it! Press the "Start" → "Run", type "regsvr32 / u zipfldr.. Dll", then OK. Then a window will pop up, press OK, it features Windows XP decompressor was canceled. .


2. remove the disk scan wait time.


When the Windows XP non-normal shutdown, reboot to wait 10 seconds before the disk scan begins. If you think this is 10 seconds long, then it becomes 0 seconds, altogether! Press the "Start" → "All Programs" → "Accessories" → "command prompt" in the prompt, type "CHKNTFS / T  0 "and press Enter, so next time do not have to wait that long 10 seconds of the. .


Third, to accelerate the download speed.


Windows XP by default, retained 20% of connection bandwidth to support the QoS of the process, but most programs do not support QoS services, not all of the devices to provide QoS Packet Stream Management. Therefore, the release of this set aside 20% of the bandwidth, download speeds can increase a lot. Press the "Start" → "Run", type "gpedit..。.


4, the release of the space occupied by the system backup. .


Windows XP after installation is complete, automatically backup important system files, if you want to put these space free, well, press the "start" → "run", type "sfc/purgecache", and then OK, wait a moment, you will find the hard drive space and many more!.


5, delete the file read-ahead to increase system performance. .


Windows XP has a specialized storage installation software prefetch files folder to read in advance to speed up the software to run Windows XP, but will not be automatically uninstalled software prefetch files are deleted, so the only manual to remove. Enter "WindowsPrefetch" X (x means that the partition that Windows XP) folder, delete the .ini, in addition to the "Layout." outside.


All the files. .


6. complete understanding of your computer.


Want a comprehensive understanding of your computer hardware and software usage information and then? Windows XP has a system with a powerful information-gathering process. Press the "Start" → "help and support", the pop-up "Help and Support Center" window, select the right "to use tool to view your computer information and diagnose problems", and then list on the left select "My Computer" , well, you can choose the right information you want to know the (than Msinfo32.. exe system information to get much more intuitive!..


7. instant lock the computer.


Suddenly something to leave the moment, but do not want to shut down to prevent people moving to your computer, you only need to press the Windows logo key + L, you can quickly lock your computer, unless know the password, Shui Yebie want to move!. .


8. modify the CPU L2 cache.


Under normal circumstances, xp cpu will automatically identify the secondary cache. But sometimes xp will not do, so need to manually optimized to improve cpu performance. . .


1. run "regedit".


2. . Go "[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Control \ Session Manager \ Memory..


Management\SecondLevelDataCache]"; 　　 。.


3. . Modify his decimal: AMD Duron: 64 (kb); CeleronA/celeron2: 128; PII mobile /. .


PIII E(EB)/P4/AMD K6-3/AMD THUNDERBird/Cyrix III:256; 　　AMD K6-2/PII/PIII katmai/。.


AMD Athlon: 512; PII Xeon / PIII Xeon: 1024;. .


4. restart...


9, modify the disk cache to speed up xp. .


Disk cache on xp running plays a vital role, but the default paging file I/O to be more conservative. Therefore, different memory, using a different disk cache is a good thing to do. ..


1. . Run "regedit";. .


2. go to the [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management\IoPageLockLimit];.


3. . Based on your memory to modify its hexadecimal values: 64M: 1000; 128M: 4000; 256M: 10000; 512M or more: 40000. .


4. restart.


. .


10. set the read-ahead for speed.


xp using the read-set of this new technology to improve system speed. If you have a PIII 800, 512M RAM or above recommended about changes:. .


1. run "egedit".


2. . Go to [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Control \ Session Manager \ Memory Management \ PrefetchParameters \ EnablePrefetcher];. .


3. set the value of 0, 1, 2, 3. 0-Disable, 1-prefetching application-start prefetching, 3-both prefetching ("3", it is recommended.


Use). . .


4. restart. This reduces the startup time.


11, clear the read-file. .


When XP some time after the prefetch folder in the file can become very large, inside silian file, this will slow down the system time. Recommends that these files are deleted on a regular basis. （c:\windows\prefetch） 　　 。.


12, reducing the waiting time disk scanning. .


In DOS, type "chkntfs/t: 0: 0," said the wait time is 0 seconds.


13, turn off disk indexing. .


Xp records all of your files so you can quickly search, if you don't always find a file, you can turn it off. ..


1. . Open My Computer. .


2. right-click on the drive, select "properties.".


3. . Cancel "to use the index to quickly locate files." . .


14. fixed bug mouse acceleration.


1. . When xp playing quake3, cs, the mouse acceleration problem and marksmanship are not allowed to become known as "yinxs" a tweak to modify this bug. . .


2. run "regedit".


3. . To [HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \ Mouse] "SmoothMouseXCurve" = hex: 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00, a0, 00,00,00,00,00,00,00, 40. .


,\ 01,00,00,00,00,00,00,80,02,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,05,00,00,00,00,00 "SmoothMouseYCurve"=hex:00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,66,a6,02,。.


00,00,00,00,00, cd, 4c, \ 05,00,00,00,00,00, a0, 99,0 a, 00,00,00,00,00,38,33,15,00 , 00,00,00,00. .


4. restart.


15, optimization ntfs file system. .


The advantages of ntfs, needless to say, but there are not enough. Cancel the update last disk access, so for larger partition will slow down.


Run "regedit" in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentContolSet \ Control \ Filesystem), add the DWORD, value to 1. .


Windows utility operation techniques.


1. . If you have multiple windows open at the same time, want to close, then hold down the shift can be tightly closed and then click the window icon in the upper right corner. .


2. save the page, you can press "ESC" key (or offline) and then save, save it quickly.


3. . With a computer can not listen to any CD player, the speaker wire directly to the drive's headphone jack, into the CD, press the play button on the drive can be heard directly, so that songs can not take up system resources. (If your computer is broken, can not be started or what, the moment Fangzai can not repair it, Do not waste resources, to drive with the inside of Tong on the Dian Dian Yuan Ji, Jiu may temporarily Zuo CD machine has..


3. .MSN zhongfa news is press ENTER, if you want to wrap and don't want to send the message, you can enter or shift + ctrl + enter.


4. . Your browser's address bar can debug a short HTML code. As follows: the address bar write about:. .


abc。.


Enter, to see the effects. .


5. .Windows shortcut:.


win + m display the desktop. .


Win + pause system properties.


Quick restart: press OK before press shift. .


To completely remove: shift + del.


Let the CD auto run: press shift. .


Ctrl + Esc: equivalent to the "start" or the WIN key.


Ctrl + Home: Move the cursor to the beginning of the beginning text editor (Home alone: to move out first). .


Ctrl + End: move the cursor to the end of the text editing area (single End: move to the end of the column).


Alt + F4: Close the current window (if it was shut down and then clicking on the desktop). .


F2: change the name.


windows + e Explorer. .


Windows + r run.


windows + f find. .


Windows + u shut the system down.


windows + d minimizes all windows, press Win + D to return to the front windows minimized. .


Windows + m to minimize all Windows, and then press a to return to the minimized window before.


Shift + F10, you can right-click menu to open the selected project. .


Hold down CTRL + SHIFT-drag file: create shortcut.


6. .


<关机快捷方式>(1)。. The blank space on the desktop, press the right mouse button->.


<新建>-> Select. .


<快捷方式>(2)。. In..


<指令行>Type rundll. . Exe user. . Exe, exitwindows. .


(3)。. In..


<选择快捷方式 的名称>Type. .


<关闭Window>Or do you want to name-> press.


<完成>7. .


<重新启动快捷方式>(1)。. Repeat the above (1).


(2). . In. .


<指令行>Type the user rundll. .exe. .exe, ec exitwindow ***.


(3). . In. .


<选择快捷方式的名称>Type.


<重新启动Restart>Or you want the name -> press. .


<完成>8. .RUN-> cmd or command.


Will see the DOS window. I do not know that little icon is not noted in the upper left corner. Click on the icon, you'll see the drop-down menu, especially some of the features under Edit, very convenient. .


10. .con, nul is MS system reserved name, it cannot be done with filename! check your web space is not a M $ system, you can build a con folder and try.


11. . Want to own a folder of files to make a list? What software? Not directly in the command line, enter "tree / f> index.. Txt". . Open the index. . Txt to see what is not clear. .


12. save the immense Windows page please use the CTRL + N to open a new window.


13. . If a folder with many files, if you want to quickly find the desired file, first select a random file, and then select the desired file on the keyboard the first letter on it. .


14. QQ stealth login a stupid approach:.


In the internet café, landing directly from the registration wizard, then QQ is landing on the line, but sometimes do not wish to show up, how to achieve the hidden login then? QQ is the start to take a useless landed registration wizard, select the state for the stealth, and then select the system parameters in order to stealth mode landing point OK, and then run directly in the registration wizard QQ landing you have to login to QQ, you will be issued. .


Stealth QQ is now now..


15. . Win98 way to change ip does not restart:. .


1. Select Cancel over ip.


2. Disabled in the device manager to change the ip of the piece of card. .


3. Enable network card.


ok, you can change the ip has been used. .


16. .2000 and xp to run "cmd", a DOS window, copy and paste is done right.


17. . Favorites not on the system tray, so as not to forget to backup systems for each Bahrain "super magic rabbit" the specified path. .


18. for the system does not understand, see the windows help, do not blindly to find solutions, and perhaps help is the fastest and most complete. (The rest of the software is the same reason).


19. . Winxp own batch rename, simply select a bunch of files, select Rename, then change the first file, change finished, other files will be automatically modified. .


20. the Internet is in the address bar, enter the Web address will be recorded, although never repeat them easily, but if the camera is public and not wanting to let others know what place, you can use the "CTRL + O (the letter o, not zero)," and then on the "open" pops up a dialog box, in the address bar, enter the URL, you will not be recorded.


21. . IE shortcut keys:. .


Ctrl + W to close the window.


F4 Open the Address bar drop-down selection website. .


F6 or ALT + D to select address bar.


Under the space bar to flip, Shift + space can flip over. .


22. If you used foxmail, mailbox path is not in the default location, you can modify the .cfg. account.


23. . NTFS partition file attributes in a "summary" feature, very useful, so some of the software installation program will not forget what stuff the ah. .


24. in the IE address bar enter: javescript: alert (.lastModified document.), you can get the Web page of the publication date.


25. . Through a network share, try to use the "Run", [url = file: / / \ \ ip] \ \ ip [/ url] address \ share file name, and do not use through "Network Neighborhood" view access very slow and often incomplete (especially 2000, xp), but also pay attention to the appropriate use of $. .


26. in Win98 fast do the startup disk, as long as the windows/command/edb all files copied to a clean floppy disk can do 98 Startup disk.


27. . Run pq partition failed with unrecognized partition, as long as the installation directory to find pq UTILITY of PTEDIT32. . EXE, you can restore the original partition to the original format, open Explorer, select the folder, with a small keyboard *, can use that folder exist in all sub-folders are listed quickly. .


28. .QQ themselves their own way: in blacklist and yourself, and then drag myself to my friends in on it, and then run the registration wizard.


29. . If you browse the pages applied the javascript disabled right, the solution:. .


1, such as "xiayupei" method, first press and hold the left mouse button, move the pointer to the destination, click the right mouse button, after a couple of seconds, the shortcut menu appears.


2, click the right mouse button (do not release the mouse button), move your mouse over a warning window office, click the left mouse button to close the window, then move the mouse back to the target office, release the mouse button, the shortcut menu appears. .


30. .realplay racecadotril..


Select the number of tracks, then drag the address bar realplay can play, and later find that ram (automatically generated), copy the contents of which can be repeated many times to listen to songs. .


31. under file can only .windows extension.


Create a new text document as. . Txt. . Do not add anything in front, you can, but you can not rename this file name! Use the Save As! . .


32. .IE real blank pages:.


In IE right-click the shortcut --- Attribute - Select the "target", where information is: "c: \ Program FilesInterner Explorer \ EXPLORER.. Exe", it added after "-nohome" words can be. Note-nohome have space before. .


Quickly set up a home page: the IE address bar "e" Web page icon directly onto the toolbar's "home" button on the icon for the restart or refresh with registry: simultaneously press CTRL + Alt + Del, in the pop-up Windows task list, highlight the "Explore", click "end task" display off the screen, click "no", wait while the pop-up error message, click "end task", the browser windows and new and registry with reload.


33. . Quick Start RealOnePlayer skills: under the folder in the Real search netid. . Smi and getmedia. . Ini will be renamed: betid_bak. . Smi and getmedia_bak. . Ini, and then turn to try, is not much faster. .


34. skip the splash screen, press ESC, or simply, modify options in .sys msdos. paragraph joined logo = 0.


35. . Create a shortcut to browse the directory. .


In the create a shortcut on the desktop, the command is: C:/n \WINDOWS\EXPLORER. .EXE,/e, when you double-click C:\ for this shortcut, you will be using "Windows Explorer" Browse C:\. Of course, you can use other directory name to replace C:\. in the command.


36. . To change the shutdown screen:. .


Remember you can change the splash bar can now be shutdown screen hands-on Oh logow is waiting for the shutdown .sys. logos. .sys is the last chouchou "you can safe shutdown are bmp files fast hands you the original figure is 320x400, 256-color, but the last win95 would take him to relax 170% so you can prepare a 544x400 diagram and then resize the picture, and then rename it into 320x400 filename Meatrix (only 256 colors) and it is best to watch out for the Swatch problems * splash logo can also be Oh . Sys. .


37. the .exe which were used to.. .dll? On the application, right-click the selected "quick view" author note had to be installed quickly view, as follows: a.. Console/Add or remove programs/Win95 Installer/subsidiary application/details b.. Take a quick review of nuclear "squares determine.


38. . Tired of you miss the graphical interface of the first before entering into the dos window you win the fight in msdos. . Sys add this line BootGUI = 0. .


39. in win95 's use long file names under MS-DOS.


Just before and after the file name in quotes ("") can be. Such as:. .


c:\>dir "windows utilities"。.


c: \> cd "windows utilities" \ insteasy. .


c:\>edit "The list of my friends。.txt" 。.


40. . Accelerate the floppy drive speed. .


To a floppy disk when storing more data, so that people are really a bit annoying. It is not possible on the floppy drive of the mechanical structure, but you can modify the system registry to obtain higher data transmission speeds, specific methods are as follows: open the registry editor, locate the "HEKY-LOCAL-MACHINE\System\CurrentControlset\Services\Class\FCD\000", in his right hand.


Window space, representing the right mouse click to create a new health "DWORD" value, named "Fore-Fifo", health value is set to "0." Finally close the Registry Editor superficial, restart the computer, everything was OK! . .


41. modification: .MSN background.


MSN is not that what the background is monotonous? Then it is easy to find your favorite pictures, good size estimate, it is best to choose the background is transparent. Named lvback. . Gif, find the directory C: \ Program Files \ Messenger, the original picture cover on OK. .


42.. start Winamp, MP3 and play a song.


2. . And then hold down the [SHIFT] link, then click the panel on the "Stop" button. .


3. you will find music did not stop immediately, but gradually decrease volume until completely disappeared, as did the radio DJ.


43. .


1. start the QuickTime Movie Player, and opens a mov file.


2. . When it's time to play, click the Pause button, then press the [Shift] key, and double-click the broadcast window. .


3. start reversing the movie, the sound is reversing.


44. . In the 98 folder share, in the back plus a $ share name can be shared 文件夹隐藏. .


45. .Shift's another usage:.


① We often use the Tab key, Spase key, but I wonder if you have not noticed, the above conversion keys are forward, but you hold down the Shift and hold the button then, his conversion direction is not reversed? . .


② in English input, if the small State, hold down Shift while entering letters to uppercase, and vice versa;.


46. . Intelligent ABC input method in the letter "v" Usage:. .


①, enter the smart ABC, V + numeric (1 ~ 9), you can enter various characters, graphics, digital, and so on, try it, wonderful, but I think most people already use?.


②, Intelligent ABC input in an input alphabet of the process ("standards" or "doubles" mode), if the need to enter in English, can not switch to the English language. Type "v" as the identifier, followed by the English to enter, hit the space key. .


47. in the context of a Word as the representative of the Office series, shapes, text boxes, and other non-character element position fine-tuning: Word, for example, in the page, insert a graphic or text, and other non-character element in a page-layout, often inherent in the Word into the interference that could not achieve satisfactory results. In use, I found the experience to share with you:.


①, the adjustment of a picture (or other elements, the following on behalf of the whole by picture) the location, use the mouse or arrow keys to move it to the general location, hold down the Ctrl key, then the arrow keys to move, you will find Now picture the distance between each mobile is much smaller than the original, and the required accuracy in the Word, should fully meet your request. .


②, resize a picture (or other elements, the following all the pictures generation), do not use the mouse, change the size of a picture are not consecutive, press and hold down the ALT key, and then adjust its size, it can be adjusted.


48. . Everyone has not touched a computer a black screen phenomenon it? Press ESC after the desktop is still left many black shadow of it? In particular, the following task bar ... ... not find the mouse, the black into a the ... ... ... ... you can click "Start" - "Turn Off Computer" - "Cancel", can resume. .


49. .2000 or Xp hard drive default is shared, even if you turn off sharing, the next time you start will share. Want to let the domain workstation not stealing your personal achievements, try to create a batch file and place it in the all users startup (or a shortcut placed in it). Content:.


net share c $ / delete. .


net share d$ /delete。.


net share e $ / delete. .


50. removing Windows 2000 default share.


Modify the registry: For the server version: In the Registry Editor (regedit.. Exe) in order to find "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Services \ lanmanserver \ parameters", after the new one in its next "byte value", named "AutoShareServer", and will set its value to "0." After restart the server.。.


51. . Double-click the taskbar speaker, if the volume control panel that pops up too fighting occupation of the desktop, or can not display, press Ctrl + S to mini will be displayed later, to restore and then a Ctrl + S on OK. .


52. sometimes encounter boot virus or a CD-ROM drive is not found, generally performed in DOS fdisk/mbr restart can solve.


53. . In the windows directory there is a sendto folder. .


You can put a shortcut to a Notepad on the inside, and want to use Notepad to open the file on the right to nominate the Notepad, or you can create a shortcut to the appropriate folder, such as the music folder points to play music.


54. . How to download pages FLASH? . .


1 probe with FLASHGET's resources will be able to download the FLASH on the Web page.


2 to WINDOWS / Temporary Internet Files can also find what you want FLSAH. .


3 use the cache to pick up the Bay this little software is able to take your FLASH.


55. . To solve the problem COMS locked. .


DOS command line hit DEBUG.


-O 70 2F. .


-O 71 2F。.


-Q. .


56. According to the default installation path, sometimes a software, installed in the absence of mind, which was installed on, you can search (day time), the time value is the largest of the new file, you can see the path.


57. . Our unit has been inseparable from the computer (all departments have been connected between the computer network), most workers still do not use e-mail, leaders of the notification issued with the network resources. In this case, I use the following methods (simple, easy, do not spend a single cent):. .


1. at any computer (as a mail server) to create a shared folder (read-only), a folder named "XX" (p.o. box meaning).


2. . In the other computer's desktop a shortcut key (do mapping of network resources, point to as the mail server shared folder), shortcut keys named "public mail." .


3. all of the "word" file (notification), placed in this folder.


4. . Users can click on the shortcut keys, can see all of the informed. .


58. .ping .x .x x... .x too fast! changed ping .x .x x... .x-t.


59. . In the Internet cafes were Mei-Ping locked: ie address in blue type "Desktop" 50% chance to open my computer, using a number of things such as file -> open can be a disk to operate. .


60. with a notebook and a projector for use when there are three display modes.


1. . Laptop screen showing, the projector does not display;. .


2. notebook screen, projector display;.


3. . Projector has shown no laptop screen display. .


Switching to press fn + F3 (Compaq machine, up one with a small monitor icon keys!).


XP Q & A. .


[I use the Windows XP system, using what methods can improve boot speed?].


Use Microsoft's "Bootvis" software can effectively improve the Windows XP boot speed. This tool is available inside Microsoft, designed to enhance the Windows XP boot speed. Extract the download to a folder, and in the "Options" item in the set using the current path. Followed from the "Trace" key drop-down menu, select tracking mode. The program will re-boot Windows XP starts, and record start the process, generate relevant BIN file.。.


[I am using Windows XP, found that with increasing, delete applications, disk free space decreasing, why? ]. .


Starting from Windows 2000, Windows on each hard disk partition to set up a "System Volume Information" folder, the folder is saved by default system restore backup files. However, Windows 2000 has not been formally provides the system restore feature in XP, you can see the relevant option. To prevent this problem, the simplest way is to turn off the "system restore" function. If you want to delete this folder to save the file, you need to Administrator (Administrator) are logged in the system.


[Courier services WINDOWS NT/2000/XP operating system comes with an information service program. When users install the operating system. The service program is open by default. ]. .


Close method.


1: Install the PC firewall (such as Skynet personal firewall, and security level set to high). .


2: turn off the service-specific actions are as follows: in the NT/2000/XP operating system control Panel-administrative tools-services will turn off the alerter service, messager to or a DOS interface, enter net stop msg and net stop commands alerter.


. .


[How to improve the speed of Windows XP?].


While Windows XP offers a very good interface appearance, but also denied setting such a great extent, affected the system speed. If your machine up and running speed is not fast, it is recommended that all of the additional desktop settings canceled, that is the Windows XP desktop back to the Windows 2000 style. Set method is very simple, in the "My Computer" right click and select "Properties" in the "Advanced" tab, click "Properties" item in the "Settings" button, select the associated interface " Adjust for best performance "checkbox.。 Use 256 MB will be running Windows XP, 512 MB of memory, you can let the system run very well.


[I have Windows XP disk set user access permissions, but later because the user accidentally deleted, you can not view the encrypted disk and file, how do? ]. .


Windows XP is more security, if you set the user permission to use the protection feature, other users cannot directly access your folders, even if you are a system administrator. While security is a problem, but is also very headache. . Returned to the appropriate folder or disk partition, select the associated menu "Properties (property)" command, switch to the "Security (Security)" tab, 此时 can see the Mo You allow access to any user, single- Click "Advanced (Advanced)" button to enter advanced settings interface.。 Of course, if you "," Permissions (permissions).


Tab allows you to add a new access to the user, you can ignore the above operation. Click "OK (OK)" button to return, you can now access the original encrypted folder, or disk.。. Inculde these with entries explicitly defined here (inherit from parent to child objects, include these with entries explicitly defined items) "check box. In the associated interface, select "copy" command, then you can remove the unwanted users.


[I installed Windows XP, in the "Add / Remove Programs" in not finding boot disk production process, how can I do? ]. .


In Windows XP does not come with making boot disk for the program, you need to use other tools to achieve, you can download at the following address into the appropriate version of the authoring tool.


Family version http://go1. .163. .com/xiaolh/winxp3/20020117/20020117A. . Htm. .


Advanced version http://go1. .163. .com/xiaolh/winxp3/20020117/20020117B. .htm.


In use should be noted that this procedure can only be done for the Windows XP boot disk to use, and you need to use this procedure to prepare 6 blank formatted 1. .44 MB high density floppy disk, the first number plate can be used to start the computer. .


[Why I install Windows XP DOS?].


You must not run before you install smartdrv. . Exe, if you do not run this, you may install one night finish. Smartdrv. . Exe in windows 98/me CD or windows / command / there. .


[Why the installation process transformation prompted me to NTFS partition must be].


This is because you installed under windows when not carefully installed, just start the installation when there is a high - and then the installation process allow me to choose to install to the partition. Re-run the installation program, remember to choose it, and then restart after the install to the partition can choose whether to retain the original partition and format, or formatted as NTFS OR FAT32 and so on. .


[Why I installed Windows XP Shutdown always become reset].


The problem is that some motherboards can not be advanced power management support for Windows XP. AWARD BIOS with the general board computer does not have this problem so far encountered in the BIOS of the motherboard AMI have this problem, such as the Gigabyte motherboard. The solution is to upgrade your motherboard's BIOS, the update BIOS, this is a more dangerous operation, better if experienced people to help you. .


[Why my QQ is running under Windows XP slow].


This problem seems to be an early version of the QQ and not compatible with Windows XP, and now the QQ is not the problem. .


[Why does my Windows XP Internet Explorer running under slow].


If your machine if enough CPU and memory are generally not the problem. But I found that if you are in IE's advanced options do change things, such as the number of results, etc., these effects have been turned off to speed up IE, in fact, then there will be very slow to run IE, especially the display above The menus and toolbars time. The simplest solution is the Advanced Options panel, click on the default, you can use the IE default settings. .


[Why does my Windows XP install simplified Chinese language pack after English].


To the Control Panel, Regional Options, menu display, select Simplified Chinese can be, you can log off and log on again. If you do not choose to use this configuration for all users, you will find other users inside or English interface. .


[Why MPEG4 format AVI in Windows Media Player 8. .0 does not fit].


Sometimes placed with the Media player when the only sound avi no images, or can not put, this is the reason for the lack of decoders www. . Divx. . Com you can download and install the divx. .


[For some reason, no windows. After n-th power on after entering, ghost reduction drive c, when 90 per cent will panic, restart, it shows.


em disk Disk I / O error Replace the disk, and then press any hey even the format is also impossible, also shows the contents of the above, how to do ah? ]. .


Solution.


1. . A computer boot display: em disk. . Disk I / 0 error, according to the understanding of English should be the hard disk physical errors. With the win98 disk, in the A:> prompt, type sys c: Enter, run chkdsk c: / f, and then run scandisk c:, after restart to successfully enter win98. .


2. quick rescue fails to start Win98..


Power View shows the following information:. .


Starting Windows 98… Unknown Flash Type。. em disk Disk I/O error Replace the disk, and then Press any key。.


This is the second time I encountered the same broken down. I remember last time I first partition the drive, format, then reinstall the Windows 98 system, and some commonly used software, spend a couple of hours, especially installation of this machine is old sound card driver is more cost and with great Is this have to repeat the previous complicated steps? Think of them a little shudder, at. .


I decided to find a simpler solution.


I would first try to boot from a floppy disk, a successful, they try to enter the C drive, using DIR command to list file directory, the suspect is C, the boot files are damaged, they will implement the "SYS A: C:" command delivery system, Restart the machine after the completion, failure still. .


I think the hard disk does not boot, usually with a hard disk's master boot sector problems are closely related, but I also vaguely remember that FDISK/MBR "," you can fix most of the hard disk's master boot sector, why not come and try it! and immediately start from floppy disk, first execute FDISK/MBR "." command, and then use the "SYS" A:C: delivery system file, then restart the computer, c. Arabica.


Guide successful. Unfortunately, at this time can only enter the DOS state, can not continue to start Windows 98. A closer view the system boot files and found the MSDOS. . SYS much smaller number of bytes, modify the properties of this file after the EDIT view its contents with, indeed much less command line. I'll be able to start properly from another machine COPY a MSDOS. . SYS file, again heavy. .


Restart the computer, and finally a Windows 98 system interface, and are also resumes..


[Why is Windows XP installed, my other operating systems in the Norton antivirus 2001 can not be used]. .


This is because Norton2002 previous versions of Norton antivirus software is not compatible with Windows XP, and the death of this incompatibility is due to the new version of the operating system ntldr, ntdetect. .com, caused by the conflict, if you don't have to replace the old file, even if the deletion of XP's Windows. The solution is to download the patch from symantic Web site, or use norton antivirus norton2002, 2002 can be very good at running under XP.


[PS Why can not handle driving under XP with]. .


This is the handle of the driver does not support XP, replace handle driver can address www. .topcmm. .com after downloading, if you run the setup installation does not succeed, use Add remove new hardware to install the driver.


[On the LAN in Windows XP's Network Neighborhood can not access the problem]. .


Windows XP security, by default do not enable the NBT. sometimes, using a local area network with a firewall access problem appears, turn off the firewall.


[On the video drivers under Windows XP problem]. .


Windows XP comes with NVIDIA series FOR video driver generally do not have problems, but the current version of the detonator XP drivers in some installation on the machine will be problems, we recommend that you use the system. NVIDIA driver on detonators has already been done.


[Windows XP installed, how to FAT 32 conversion to NTFS]. .


Use the convert command in command line mode to use this command to convert. .exe into at any time. For example: c:/fs: convert ntfs to c conversion to NTFS.


[Windows XP How to create a boot floppy disk]. .


Insert the floppy disk, and then in the floppy disk drive icon on right click, select the Format pop-up menu in the format window, most choose to create an MS-DOS boot disk below.


[I first installed Win XP, it does not provide dual-boot option. I still want to install a Win98, how to dual boot Win XP menu tune out? ]. .


You can Win XP install directly on Win98, Win98 only enter after completion. At this point, run the Setup program for Win XP, select the "repair installation". Start the dual boot menu appears.


[Are all the XP should be activated? If you do not activate can you use? How to activate it like? ]. .


In the Windows XP operating systems, Microsoft takes a "activate" technology. Requires the use of XP users first install system after 30 days, through the Internet or telephone, depending on the user's hardware configuration, the system generates a set of codes and Windows comes with a serial number to register the Microsoft Activation Center, or XP will automatically be locked. Activated if the user repeatedly replacing the system of hardware or purchase a new machine, it must be reactivated. . .


[My computer is a dual system, Win98, Win c: in XP drive d. If you want to format the c drive, reinstall Win98 without reloading the Win XP, is there any way to recover a dual boot?].


Simply format the C drive to reinstall Win98 well, the installation is complete you will find the lost pair of boot menu, dual boot means the loss can not start XP. It does not matter, re-run the XP installation program, select the "Repair" installation. Assured that "repair" installation does not mean re-install. .


[In the LAN to make Windows XP Windows 2000 access?].


First in the Windows XP Control Panel -> Users to add new user accounts, set up permissions in Windows 2000 after you can add in the new user name and password to access Windows XP. If you are using XP is the Professional version, you can open guest permissions, so no need to add new users, any machine can access XP. .


[I have a Dell USB keyboard, results in 9985 Win98 pure DOS mode cannot be used, but in Win98 and Win XP using normal inside. What should I do?].


USB devices usually need to drive, the 9985 keyboard is a USB keyboard, USB port so first drive in the CMOS which can make this work, in general CMOS Chipset Features which have USB KB / Mouse Legacy option, select Keyborad on do. Some motherboards may choose Enable or Disable on the usb mouse and keyboard support. Settings. .


To Enable to resolve.


[Why is my Modem can not work under XP? ]. .


This is mainly due to driver issues. Many of the Modem driver for Win 2000 or XP with, but rather some Modem for Win98 driver can be used in XP.


[I am now using a Win Me, you can upgrade to XP? ]. .


Windows XP upgrade installation done very well, it installs the way: the upgrade installation, dual-system installation and new installations to coexist. We may, in the previous Windows 98/Me/NT4/2000 on the basis of the operating system is upgraded to Windows XP smoothly. Attention, Win 95, Win NT 3. .51 and earlier Windows operating system cannot be upgraded to Windows.


XP. .


[I recently encountered a problem, when I installed then install Win98, Win 2000 or XP, always after the file is copied over jump back or panic, why?].


Win98 is based on the DOS operating system, especially because of the need to manage memory, Win98 will CONFIG. . SYS in load HIMEM. . SYS and EMM386. . EXE, even if no CONFIG. . SYS, Win98 graphical interface will be initialized when the load HIMEM. . SYS. And the two basic memory management file, with a variety of parameters, different configurations will have a different memory allocation environment. Of course, the system overheating such as when the fan stops and will show these symptoms, you should first check the hardware of the basic information such as whether or not the fan and the normal connection.。.


[The system shutdown process, sometimes the screen display "Saving your Settings" (Save Settings) of information will appear hang phenomenon]. .


Available from the Windows Update Catalog to obtain upgrade patch. Update from StartàAll ProgramsàWindows PersonalizeWindows Update selected in the Display, click on the Link.


[Outlook Express]. .


When an old version of the Windows operating system upgrade to Windows XP, the file and Settings Transfer Wizard may be missing statistics or original statistical data overwritten by new data. If in Windows9X/Me systems running Windows XP, Outlook Express program, the information store functionality may fail. You can upgrade patch.


[DVD]. .


Use the Windows XP system discs burned in Windows95/98 system operating environment or MP3 player, cannot read or lost some files or folders. May be related to the upgrade patch.


[Power Management]. .


Does not support Pentium III or Athlon CPU power management capabilities, leading to use both types of laptop power consumption CPU. You can upgrade patch.


Recently, my Windows XP system, how to do a sudden crash?. .


Recently, my Windows XP system will be dead. As a result of an hour once the panic, the file being edited will be lost, does not work. Is there any good solution.


May be due to the recent installation of software and peripherals. Uninstall the software and peripherals, or use the system tool can be resolved. .


With Windows 98/98 SE/Me than XP won't panic. Even if the increase in permanent memory, software, or use complex wallpapers and screensavers, generally will not panic. Because it is designed to ensure system stability "resource" is adequate.


Moreover, even crash, it basically does not affect the entire system, as long as the closure of the software in question, are all working smoothly. .


However, Windows XP is also due to various reasons cause system instability, or recurring panic phenomenon.


Reason for this phenomenon may be due to the PC and the Windows system does not update the BIOS to the latest version. For the former, you can refer to personal computer makers website to see if there is no need to download the content. The latter must run "Windows Update", download the latest data. .


If this still does not solve the problem, you can choose from the following approach.


List may cause the problem of software and equipment, re-install the driver. .


For example, if you install new software are catching up with permanent software startup, and does not lead to a new software installation, this can sometimes lead to panic.


Install specific software system running immediately after the abnormal phenomenon, it is best to remove the software, reinstall. .


To remove the software when you select "start" and "Control Panel" and "add and remove programs" option, open the add and Remove Programs window, and then choose to delete the software.


Re-installation, and then try to close the permanent software to get started. Especially in the anti-virus software is set to effective, sometimes more prone to the phenomenon can not be properly installed. Therefore, it is best to install anti-virus software during the process of setting invalid (to prevent infection, during which the software must be closed automatically receive e-mail function). .


If you install or update certain peripheral devices (such as a mouse or a scanner) drivers, the system is not functioning correctly, the problem lies in the peripheral drivers.


Then there is the installation method may be incorrect or inappropriate installation of device drivers. At this point you must reinstall or restore into the original device driver. .


Delete a device driver, select the "start" button, "" Control Panel "and" system "and" hardware "option under" Device Manager "button, open" Device Manager "window, and then select the peripheral you want to delete, right-click, click the" remove "in the last button.


In addition, the restoration into the original device driver, the first in the "Device Manager" window, select the required peripherals, and then double-click. Then in the "Device" window "Device Restore" button. .


Use the "system restore" function.


Remove the software and device drivers to run after the system is still not normal, you can use "system restore" feature. This function is the first personal computer to set a date after running, and then restore the system to the state at that time. .


If you make a system restore, software and peripherals registration information will be restored to the State. It is recommended that after a specified date prior to remove the installed software. Recovery and reinstallation of the software.


However, after the date specified in the document file and the input data file is not deleted or restored, so users need not worry about these files. .


Recovery system: select "start" button, "all programs" and "Accessories" and "System Tools" and "system restore". In the "restore the computer to its previous state" window click on "next" button.


Calendar will appear, click on the date to restore. As the date for the bold recoverable, you can choose from. After clicking the "Next" button, according to the instructions on the screen, and finally re-start Windows is completed. .


If after these actions are still unable to resolve the problem, there may be some Windows systems have been compromised. Finally, the solution is to reinstall Windows, or using Recovery CD for system repairs.


Ghost】 【use Xiangjie. .


First, the partition backup.


Use Ghost for system backup, there is the hard disk (Disk) and partition the hard disk (Partition) in two ways. In the menu, click Local (Local), and in the right pop-up menu has three sub-items, which said backup entire hard Disk (or clone), Partition that a single partition hard disk backup, Check that checks the hard disk or backup files, see possible because of zoning, such as hard disk damage caused by failure of the backup or restore. Partition as an individual user to save the backup system data, especially in the restoration and replication system partition has practical value. .


Selected Local → → Image Partition To the hard drive pop-up menu, choose Windows, start partition backup operations. Click on the window white hard drive information, select the hard drive into the window, select the partition you want to work (without the mouse, the keyboard available: TAB key to switch the Enter key to confirm, the arrow keys to select). In the pop-up window, select the backup storage directory path and enter the name of the file, note the name of the backup file with the suffix name GHO. . Finally select the Yes button to start the backup to partition the hard disk. Ghost back up very fast, do not wait too long to complete, the backup file to GHO suffix names stored in the configuration directory. .


Second, hard disk cloning and backup.


Cloning hard drive is on the hard disk backup and restore. Select Menu Local → Disk → To Disk, in the pop-up window, select the source disk (the first hard disk), then select the target to be copied to the hard drive (second hard drive). Note that you can set the target hard disk size of each partition, Ghost automatically by setting the target hard drive partition to partition and format the value. Select Yes started. .


Ghost can be copied and the destination hard disc source hard drive almost identical, and partition, format, copy, and file in one step. Just pay attention to the target drive must not be too small, it must be possible to the source drive data content fit.


Ghost also offers a hard drive backup is to backup the entire hard drive into a file on your hard disk (menu Local → Disk → To Image), then you can always restore to a hard drive or the source hard disk, which is installed multiple systems easily. Using similar methods and partition backup. .


3. restore the backup.


If the hard disk partition backup data is damaged, data recovery using the general method can not be repaired, and can not be started after the system is damaged, can be used to back up data recovery without having to completely re-install the program or system. Of course, you can restore the backup to another hard disk. To restore the backup of the partition, select the menu in the interface Local → Partition → From Image, in the pop-up window, select the backup file to restore, then choose to restore the hard disk and partition, click the Yes button. .


IV. LAN operation.


LPT is transmitted through the parallel port backup files, the following two options: slave and master, respectively, to connect the host and client. Network Basic Input Output System NetBios and LPT similar, there are two options for slave and master, the same role and LPT. .


First, as usual the partition you want to create a ghost *. .gho file, and then on a win98 install Symantec Ghost Corporate Edition, restart.


1. . First of all, make a ghost boot disk with network card driver. Start> Programs> Symantec Ghost> Ghost Boot Wizard-> Network Boot Disk If your network card in the list it can generate a direct selection with PC-DOS boot disk. (But 6. .5 Floppy disk version of the resulting problems often can not successfully start) If your card is not in the list, you must establish a dedicated Packet Driver.。 Last generated on a floppy disk, but this will still not be able to use, should be changed autoexec. .bat file in the net xxxx. .dos followed by a hexadecimal address, such as 0X75, etc. Multiple computers only need to change the .cfg file wattcp. ip is: in. ..


IP = 192. .168. .100. .44 NETMASK = 255. .255. .255. .0. .


GATEWAY = 192。.168。.100。.1 。.


2. . Multicast server in the server-side run out of the screen. First give server a Session Name (alias), such as: bb, and then select the image file that you gho file..Gho file... "


3. . Description:. .


At present, a significant number of e-classroom are no floppy drive, optical drive of the workstation. Without a floppy drive, optical drive, if the hard disk of a software system has a problem, can realize the network hard disk cloning? PXE (Preboot Execution Environment, it is based on TCP/IP, DHCP, TFTP, the expansion of Internet Protocol over Internet Protocol) technology provides the functionality of network booting, let us find a solution. The following, we explain how to use Ghost .0 7. to achieve the PXE-based network hard drive cloning.


Network hard disk cloning process briefly. .


Network hard drive cloning process: in a workstation is equipped with a floppy drive, use a boot disk to start the machine, connect to the server, use the Ghost multicast services (Multicast Server) hard disk or partition image is cloned to the workstation, which enables non-player, safe, and fast network hard drive cloning.


PXE network boot method to achieve. .


There is no floppy drive, optical drive of the workstation, to achieve the PXE network boot mode, you need to complete the three steps:.


1, workstations PXE boot settings. .


PXE network boot General requirements on NIC chip with PXE boot (PXE Boot ROM); for some models of network card, or you can use the PXE boot code (Boot Code) is written to the Flash ROM on the motherboard while some motherboard integrated network card brand machines (for example, Tsinghua tongfang commercial machine), you can directly support the PXE boot.


Common RTL8139 chip card, the PXE boot setup mode is: start the machine according to screen prompts Press Shift + F10, select the Startup type PXE, open the network boot option. .


2. make a PXE boot files.


Production PXE boot file, recommended 3Com's DABS (Dynamic Access Boot Services). DABS provides a powerful PXE boot services, management functions, but the Internet is available for download is a 30-day trial version. Therefore, we only use it to boot image file creating functions, whereas the Windows 2000 Server's DHCP server to provide PXE boot services. .


DABS can be installed on any computer running a Windows machine. After installation, run the 3Com Boot Image Editor that appears on the main interface. Select "create a TCP/IP or PXE image files (Create a TCP/IP or PXE image file)", a dialogue window. For incoming image files named, for example: pxeghost. .img, other default, tested normal network boot disk into the floppy disk drive, select [OK], create a PXE boot images .img file Pxeghost. .


In the 3Com Boot Image Editor's main menu, select "Create a PXE menu boot file (Creat a PXE menu boot file)", in the window that appears, select [Add (Add)], to join our newly created boot image file Pxeghost. . Img, in "option (Options)" tab you can set the menu title and waiting times. .


Select [save (Save)], to save the PXE menu startup file is named Pxemenu. .pxe.


3, the PXE boot server service settings. .


Windows 2000 Server DHCP service supports two types of boot protocol: DHCP and BOOTP. We can set the following three options: only DHCP, BOOTP, both only. If our local area network by other DHCP servers providing dynamic allocation of IP addresses, then only the selected "here" to BOOTP; if you want this server to provide dynamic IP address assignment, you need to select "both".


Next, set the boot file name. In the DHCP server scope options configuration options "067: Start the file name", string value we create the PXE menu boot file name Pxemenu. . Pxe. Note: File names do not contain path. .


The DHCP server will only launch the file name to the BOOTP client, the client how to download the boot files?, need TFTP service. 3Com's DABS contains a TFTP service component, of course, you can download a free TFTP server software for long-term use.


In the TFTP server settings, provides a service directory. Will make the PXE boot file Pxeghost. . Img, Pxemenu. . Pxe services into the TFTP directory. TFTP server is set to run automatically. .


Cloning hard disk using Ghost multicast.


Now run the Ghost Multicast server, the task name for the Restore. Is set up, press [to accept customer (Accept Clients)] button. Start to accept the hard disk cloning of no floppy workstations, if the above steps correctly, should be able to achieve PXE boot to multicast cloning quests. The goal of all workstations connected to this mission, press the [send (Send)] button to start the cloning task. .


5. parameter settings.


In the Options you can set the parameters. The following outlines:. .


1.image write buffering: creation of backup files, open the write buffer; 2.sure: selecting this item no longer appears after the final confirmation asked (we recommend that you do not select this item).


3. no int 13: Select this option, the do not support interrupt 13 (default, not choice);. .


4.reboot: a hard disk or partition after the operation is complete, restart your computer automatically;.


5. spanning: Volume structure through multiple backup files (choose the time, turn off write buffering);. .


6.autoname: automatic file naming for spanning;.


7. allow 64k fat clusters: allowing the use of 64K FAT cluster (only supported in Windows NT);. .


8.ignore CRC errors: ignore CRC errors.


9. override size limit: If the partition size does not match, the implementation can be ignored;. .


10.image read buffering: open the generated backup files when reading the cache (the default is selected).


6, the software features. .


1. storage media.


Ghost supported storage medium beyond our imagination, it supports other LPT interface, USB interface, on the other, on the other TCP / IP interfaces, SCSI tape drives, portable devices (JAZ, ZIP, MO, etc.), CD burner (CDR , CDRW) and so on. These features do not require any take-away drivers and software, just a floppy disk can be done! Especially for the support CD burner, and now the recorder and blank discs are very cheap, very suitable for backup purposes. .


2. compatibility.


Ghost of existing operating systems have good support, including FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, HPFS, UNIX, NOVELL, etc. file storage format. The difference is that with the previous version, Ghost 2001 by adding support for Linux EX2 (FIFO file storage format), which means Linux users can also use Ghost to backup system was. .


3. supporting the software.


A. . Ghost Ghost in the previous browser versions, we can simply the whole system backup, copy, restore, to restore individual files and folders should also use the take-away GhostEXP software. Now, Symantec has integrated the Ghost browser software. Ghost using the browser interface similar to Explorer, through which we can easily and quickly find the backup package that we want the files and folders and restore. .


Use the Explorer to backup an entire hard drive or a single hard drive partition, click the toolbar icon, a pop-up cylindrical hard disk or partition selection dialog window, and then select the backup file storage directory and enter the name. It is important to note that non-registered users cannot use the backup feature.


In Ghost Explorer to manage the backup files on the hard disk is very convenient. First of all, choose to open a backup file (File / Open), then the backup file just like Explorer window, as listed in the program interface, which you can easily view, open the file, you can find the file, or delete a file (but not delete the directory). .


In Ghost Explorer offers a variety of restore hard drive backup files, the most convenient method is to use the right mouse button click on a file, in the pop-up menu, choose Restore, and then enter the directory where you want to restore, so that a single file from a backup to restore the entire disk. Of course, if you want to restore the entire disk backup, simply select a directory list bar on the left side of the top-most directory with disk icon, and then click on the restore icon in the toolbar (the second) will do.


B. . GDisk. .


GDisk is a new utility that completely replaces the FDisk and Format, the features are:.


* A quick format. .


* Hide and show the partition. This feature allows more than one primary DOS partition, each partition has a different version of the operating system. The ability to make the hidden partition used to boot the computer to the selected bootable partition, ignoring other hidden partition of the same operating system installation.


* A comprehensive regional report. .


* Highly secure disk wipe. Offer complies with the Department of Defense standards and higher safety standards for disk wipe option.


And use interactive menu FDisk different, GDisk is driven by the command line. This provides faster the disk partition and the configuration is defined in the batch file GDisk operation capability. At the same time, dozens of parameters will lead to ordinary users a headache, so I do not recommend the general users, Symantec launched the company should be a corresponding GUI (graphical user interface) console to facilitate users. Specific instructions can use the command line parameters gdisk /? Know. .


C。.Live Update。.


Symantec Live Update is a generic company's software upgrade program that can check the current system has been installed Symantec software, and online through the Internet software upgrade. Ghost 2001 is installed, the installer automatically upgrade the version of Live Update program. .


7. command line parameters: (Ghost of unattended backup/restore/copy operation).


In fact, Ghost 2001 it features far more than those displayed in the main program, Ghost in the boot command line to add a number of parameters in order to achieve more. Command-line parameters used are quite complex, but we can create a batch file to "once and for all" (similar to installing Windows 98 and no Windows 2000). Let us now understand some common parameters (a more detailed understanding of the parameters can be found on Ghost in the help file). .


1。.-rb 。.


The Ghost automatically restart when the operating end of the exit. Thus, when the replication system can be assured to leave. .


2。.-fx 。.


The Ghost operation automatically when the back end of the exit DOS prompt. .


3。.-sure 。.


All asked to confirm the prompt or warning be answered "Yes". This parameter is a certain risk, only recommended for advanced users. .


4。.-fro 。.


If the source partition found bad cluster, then skip the prompt and mandatory copy. This parameter can be used to try to save the data in the hard disk damage. .


5。.@filename 。.


Txt file in the specified filename. txt file for the Ghost of additional parameters, this can not be DOS command line limit of 150 characters. .


6。.-f32 。.


After copying the source into a FAT16 partition FAT32 (provided that the target partition is not less than 2G). WinNT 4 and Windows95, 97 users used with caution. .


7。.-bootcd 。.


When the backup files directly to CD, this option can make into a bootable CD. This process takes into the boot disk. .


8。.-fatlimit 。.


The FAT16 partition will be limited to NT 2G. This parameter in the Windows NT partition copy, and do not want to use the 64k / FAT16 cluster is useful. .


9。.-span 。.


Sub-volume parameters. When the space to another partition when prompted to copy another backup package. .


10。.-auto 。.


Sub-volume copying not prompted automatically when given a file name to continue. .


11。.-crcignore 。.


Ignore the backup package CRC ERROR. Unless the need to save the backup data package, or do not use this parameter to prevent data errors. .


12。.-ia 。.


All images. Ghost of all partitions on the hard disk will be backed up one by one. .


13。.-ial 。.


All images, similar-ia parameters, back up one by one on the Linux partition. .


14。.-id 。.


All images. Similar-ia parameters, but contains the partition boot information. .


15。.-quiet 。.


Operation is prohibited status updates and user intervention. .


16。.-script 。.


Can perform multiple Ghost command line. Command line stored in the specified file. .


17。.-split=x 。.


Backup package is divided into multiple sub-volumes, each sub-volume size x trillion. This feature is very useful for copying large backup package to the mobile storage device, such as a 1. .9 G backup copy the package to three recording disc. .


18。.-z 。.


The contents of the disk or partition image file saved to compressed. -Z or-z1 low compression (fast);-z2 for the high compression rate (the speed);-z3-z9 compression order to increase (speed in turn slow down). .


19。.-clone 。.


This is the realization of no Ghost backup / restore the core parameters. Use the syntax:-clone, MODE = (operation), SRC = (source), DST = (destination), [SZE (size), SZE (size). .]. .


This parameter row is more complex, and each parameter cannot contain spaces. Which type of operation to operation, the value of the desirable: disk to disk copy:; load: files to disk; dump: disk-to-file; pcopy: partition to the partition; pload: file to a partition; pdump: partition to a file.


Source means the source operation, the value of advisable: drive letter, starting from 1; or for the file name, to write the absolute path. .


Destination for the target location, value for the preferred drive letter, starting at one, or as a file name, you need to write an absolute path; @ CDx, burner, x represents the drive letter of your burner, beginning with 1.


The following example:. .


1. command line parameters: ghostpe. .exe-clone, copy, mode = src = 1, dst = 2 to complete the operation: local disk 1 is copied to the local disk 2.


2. . Command-line arguments: ghostpe. . Exe-clone, mode = pcopy, src = 1:2, dst = 2:1 to complete the operation: the local disk partition 1 on the second copy to the local disk 2 of the first partition. .


3. command line parameters:.


ghostpe. . Exe-clone, mode = load, src = g: \ 3prtdisk. . Gho, dst = 1, sze1 = 450M, sze2 = 1599M, sze3 = 2047M. .


Complete: from the image file to mount the disk 1, and will be the first partition resize 450MB, second to the third 1599MB, adjusted to 2047MB.


4. . Command-line arguments: ghostpe. . Exe. .


-clone,mode=pdump,src2:1。.


6, dst = d: \ prt246. . Gho to complete the operation: create partition image contains only the selected file. Select the partitions from the disk 2, 1,4,6. .


8. some examples.


ghost. . Exe-clone, mode = copy, src = 1, dst = 2-sure the hard disk Press to Press. .


Ghost. .exe-clone, mode = pcopy, src = 1: 2, dst = 2: 1-sure to be a hard disk of the second partition is replicated to a second hard drive first partition.


ghost. . Exe-clone, mode = pdump, src = 1:2, dst = g: \ bac. . Gho to the 1st Division made the second hard disk image file into the g partition. .


Ghost. .exe-clone, mode = pload, src = g:\bac. .gho: 2, dst = 1: 2 from the inside there are two partitions in the image file, the second partition of the hard disk to restore the second partition.


ghost. . Exe-clone, mode = pload, src = g: \ bac. . Gho, dst = 1:1-fx-sure-rb g disk with a bac. . Gho file restore c drive. Does not display any information after the completion of a direct start. .


Ghost. .exe-clone, mode = load, src = g:\bac. .gho, dst = 2, SZE1 = 60P, SZE2 = 40P image to restore to a second hard drive and partition size ratio changes into a 60: 40.


Automatically restore the disk:. .


First of all make a startup disk that contains Config., Autoexec. .sys, .com .bat Command., .sys, Io. Ghost. .exe file (you can do with a windows startup disk is complete). Autoexec. .bat contains the following command:.


Ghost. . Exe-clone, mode = pload, src = d: \ bac. . Gho, dst = 1:1-fx-sure-rb files using the D drive automatically restore the ghost after the end of exit and restart automatically. Automatic backup disk:. .


Ghost. .exe-clone, mode = pdump, src = 1: 1, dst = d:\bac. .gho-fx-sure-rb auto restore CD:.


Include file: Config. . Sys, Autoexec. . Bat, Mscdex. . Exe (CDROM implementation of the program), Oakcdrom. . Sys (ATAPI CDROM compatible driver), Ghost. . Exe. .


Config. .sys: DEVICE = OAKCDROM. .SYS/D: IDECD001 Autoexec. .bat:.


MSCDEX. . EXE / D: IDECE001 / L: Z Ghost-clone, mode = load, src = z: \ bac. . Gho, dst = 1:1-sure-rb. .


According to the following specific instructions to modify the example:.


1. .- Clone. .


-Clone is used must accede to the argument, it is all switch {batch switch} in the most practical. Following are the parameters defined by the clone:.


mode = (copy | load | dump | pcopy | pload | pdump),. .


src={drive|file|driveartition},。.


dst = (drive | file | driveartition). .


Mode specifies that you want to use the clone.


copy disk to disk copy (disk to disk copy). .


Load files onto the hard drive (file to disk load).


made the hard disk image file dump (disk to file dump). .


Pcopy partition to replicate the partition (partition to partition copy).


pload file to the partition (file to partition load). .


Pdump partition backup as image file (partition to file dump).


src specifies the ghost used to run the location of the source partition model and its significance. Corresponding parameters used src mode command examples:. .


COPY/hard disk DUMP source. 1 represents the first hard drive.


LOAD image file name. g: / back98/setup98. . Gho or device name (drive). .


PCOPY/PDUMP source partition number. 1: 2 is hard disk 1 in the second partition.


PLOAD partition image file name with the partition number or drive letter with the partition number. g: \ back98. . Gho: 2 image file representative of the second partition. .


Dst is used when running Ghost specify the destination location for the pattern and its significance. The corresponding mode command examples used parameter dst:.


COPY / DUMP purpose of the hard disk number. No. 2 on behalf of the hard disk. .


LOAD hard disk image file name. Cases g:\back98\setup98. .gho.


PCOPY / PLOAD purpose of the partition number. 2:2 on behalf of the hard disk 2 of the second partition. .


PDUMP partition image file name added to the area code. g:\back98\setup98。.gho:2 。.


SZEn specify the size of the partition the purpose of use:. .


N = n xxxxM specifies the size of the destination partition xxxxMB. If that partition 800M SZE2 = 2 size 800MB.


n = mmP specify the size of the first n the purpose for the entire hard disk partition of mm percentage. .


2. when the source object .-fxo occur, forcing replication to proceed.


3. .- Fx When the ghost after the completion of the work of the new system does not display press ctrl-alt-del to reboot straight back to DOS. .


4. .-ia full implementation of the sector to sector. When an image file or from another hard disk as source, copy a partition, a Ghost will first check the source partition, and then decide whether you want to copy files and directory structure or copy the image you want to do (sector to sector). The preset is this form. But sometimes, the hard disk in a specific location may put some hidden and system security-related files. Only the sector to sector copy method to copy correctly.


5. .- Pwd and-pwd = x to the image file encryption. .


6. .-rb in restore or copy completes, reboot the system.


7. .- Sure can clone combination. Ghost does not appear proceed with disk clone-destination drive will be overwritten? Message. .


9. considerations.


1. . In the backup system, a single backup file is best not to over 2GB. .


2. before the backup system, you may want to remove some unwanted files to reduce file size of the Ghost. Usually useless files are: Windows temporary folder, IE a temporary folder, Windows memory swap file. These files are typically consumes 100 megabytes of hard disk space.


3. . In the backup system before the order target plate and the source disk, to speed up the backup speed. .


4. before the backup system and restore the system, it is best to check the destination and source, and correct disk errors.


5. . In restoring the system, the best to check the target as to restore the file had not yet Shipi important Zhuanyi Do not wait until the hard disk information is Fugai regret Mok and ah. .


6. in the select compression ratio, it is recommended that you do not select the highest compression rate, because the highest compression ratio is time consuming, and compression rates have not improved.


7. . In the new software and hardware is installed, it is best to re-create the image file, or it may be restored some inexplicable error. .


Backup before [GHOST] preparations.


As mentioned earlier: to install a comprehensive, refined, rational, efficient, stable, fast, robust, optimization of the Windows System is a not an easy task. Can even say that a system does not meet the above requirements, there is no backup value. Before we begin the backup, we must consider whether the current Windows system, the above requirements, meets all the requirements of individuals, habits and preferences. Therefore, you should change some time, bring your system to conduct a comprehensive debugging, additions and deletions and optimization. If the lack of skills, the best expert to help you please do this work, including:. .


1, transfer information that Windows system involves personal information storage location instead of the default value is set in a non-c: other plate. In particular, such as the Outlook address book and correspondence, Word and Excel files, etc.., and so on. This benefit is done using the backup and recovery system in the future, to avoid missing important personal information.


2, each time reinstalling Windows system sound settings, the system input and the heat built, hard drive DMA mode, port settings, sound settings, the Internet, setting the parameters of LAN and sharing, desktop style, setting, etc. are set to the system's original state, this state often does not meet our habits and requirements. It is necessary to do a full detailed set of work for the future "once and for all" basis. .


3, install the software here is not to promote the application of the software is installed on the c: drive. Because the c: drive to the operating system, is Windos backup of the principal object. Install content too much, backup, backup, storage and recovery has caused great burden; to leave the system alone is greater than or equal to the operating space 200M (preferably not less than 600M, otherwise you run 2D and 3D graphics software or open too many Windows, especially when running recording software, would seriously affect the speed of the system, increasing system instability). The pros and cons of integrated options, we recommend the following software is installed on c::.


1> hardware drivers, DirectX and other basic driver software. .


2 > reload Windows system, you must reinstall the software, such as Office, Jinshan Jieba. etc..


3> volume is less than 20M of the necessary software, such as: WinZIP, WinAMP, ACDsee, Internet tools, antivirus tools. .


Should not be installed software "is a drug toxicity", part of the software functioning at the same time, sometimes it will give rise to some harmful side effects, but these side effects often and won't let you immediately see them, but in some cases in the future, such as installing new software, enable the previous functionality is not enabled, only exposed some inexplicable failure or poor performance. In particular, some optimization software, biased or highlight a particular computer or improving the performance of a local, but is at the expense of other features or overall performance. Otherwise, you should let Bill Gates and Microsoft. talented to laid-off workers.


As the backup program is very obvious advantages: both windows Bu sound, or the system or the system of waste contaminated with Bing Du Wen Jian Taiduodengdeng problems, can be "a restored 之", and therefore the following software has no useful, Ying not install:. .


1 > professional counter installation tool.


2> sure to bring side-effects of the registry optimization, maintenance, backup software; Internet speed, disk speed and other miscellaneous software. If necessary, the backup after the end of the installation and commissioning of such software, only to confirm a significant effect, no significant side effects, before making a formal increase in the software and its functions. .


4 install the font, the font file is too large, will increase the backup/restore of workload, increasing the size of the backup file. The system itself except with fonts, adding other font files are stored in non-c: other plate. And then "Control Panel/fonts/file/install new font" capabilities "cars," these fonts installed.


Figure 1 is to add a D: drive stored in a folder on your font example. Please note: In the confirmation window before we let the bottom "to copy the font to" Fonts "folder" box before removing the hook, otherwise the system will put you by copying the selected font file in the C: drive system folder not reach our goal. .


5, finishing the menu arrangement "Win98" in the start menu, the first non-c: drive of the other applications in an establishment on their respective shortcut, and then categorized, remove more than content, reduce hyperactivity of the long file name, to facilitate future program call.


6, the hard disk label name for each logical drive volume label, especially in C: drive. (Do not think that does not matter, these labels is the only clearly identified in the Ghost in the letter to be marked, error recovery to avoid the key to the future), will be highlighted below. .


7 remove the hard disk, clean the c: drive, the following file:.


1> suffix file name bak, tmp ,---,? LD,? Yd, 000,001 of all the documents;. .


2 > Win98 system folder named Temp, Recent and all folders under Applog;.


3> Empty Recycle Bin with the capacity to clear IE's temporary folder;. .


8, audit check key check the registry and the contents of a various profile is correct, the hardware is there is a conflict, the software is working properly, you need to register the software is a valid registration, etc., make sure that each performance index properly, all the settings have a predetermined objective.


9, finishing defrag C: disk fragmentation. If you want to backup files generated by the minimum, if necessary, can be Windows temporary swap file Win386. . Swp set in the other logical drive in; also can exit to pure DOS state, delete the file after the backup. .


10, immediately back up the particular, once completed, you are sure not to be wrong, please enter the next backup process, this is because Windows at run time, will always add some junk files, our "ideal" optimization is compromised.


Since Windows system optimization are involved in deep, broad, and because of the hardware, software, personal preferences, work content varies, this subject was not exhaustive about the backup, make more friends, as long as the work of our basic purpose had been achieved. .


NTFS-formatted hard disk 【 】 【 FAT32 format converted to..:


General conversion NTFS disk format FAT32 disk format, often using the Partition Magic tool, in fact, it still can not, but faster and more secure. .


Note two things: 1. existing data to another partition, format and copy back; 2. Format window, select the "FAT32 formatted types."


Systems convert the partition to NTFS format much trouble, here are the author obtained from the experimental method. .


Hard disk partition table recovery method.


Because the hard disk partition table lc2h, ld2h, le2h, leeh displacement Department store is the format of the four partition types, so you can use KV3000, Disk Cenius software tools such as backup, restore partition table approach to recovery (Note: must be FAT32 converted to NTFS formatted hard disk partition table before the backup). Concrete steps are as follows:. .


1. .KV3000 backup, recovery.


In the FAT32 format for backup. Boot disk will KV3000 key, type KV3000 / b, carriage return, insert a clean floppy disk, press the Y button, the hard disk partition table data hdpt. . Dat instantly back to the floppy disk. To restore the NTFS to FAT32 format, the KV3000 key boot disk, type KV3000/hdpt. . Dat, carriage return, restore partition table information to the hard drive can be formatted resume. .


2. backup and restore .Disk Genius.


Here's how: Run Disk Genius, "Tools" menu select "Backup Partition Table," pop "back up to file" dialog box, in the "Please enter file name" box enter the backup file name and path (the system default path for the floppy disk, you can change for the other path, file name is best not to modify, in particular, do not change the file name suffix), OK, you can quit. Later to convert NTFS to FAT/FAT32 format, you must use the DOS boot floppy disk to restore the partition table, enter Disk Cenius directory, type Mouse. .。.


Conversion speed of the above methods, but first must convert FAT32 to NTFS formatted hard disk partition table before doing a backup; followed by back-up and conversion, should the partition table to convert the data to other places, in order to to ensure safety!. .


Win2000/XP installation CD conversion method.


Using a new Win2000 installation disc to install Win2000. The installation process, select the NTFS partition, then select "Format", "using FAT32 Format", completed this step, force quit the installer to reboot the computer you can find a FAT partition already Ge Shi Le (if the partition large in 2GB, compared to FAT32 format). .


Finally emphasize again: converting a partition to the conversion speed even when converting data on your hard disk, be sure to do a backup of your important data!.


【】 Not recognize USB storage devices. .


When you want to use Flash or moving hard disk and the computer when data is exchanged, but plug in the USB port you find system was unable to recognize the USB device, what causes it, and here I briefly explain the troubleshooting USB storage device failure after this kind of phenomenon.


1. . Front USB lines are wrong. When the motherboard's USB cable and USB interfaces on the chassis front corresponding to positive and negative phase reversed when such failures occur, which is quite dangerous, because the positive and negative anti-access USB devices are likely to make fire. .


2. insufficient .USB interface voltage. When the mobile hard disk attached to the front USB port may occur when the system does not recognize the device. The reason is mobile hard drives power larger voltage is relatively strict requirements, the predecessor interface may not be able to provide enough voltage to the power of poor quality, of course, may also cause this problem. The workaround is to move the hard disk not attached to the front USB connector, replace poor quality low power supply or use of an external power supply for hard disk boxes, if conditional.


3. . Motherboard and system compatibility issues. Oh is the most famous of these failures in NF2 motherboard compatibility issues with USB. If you are in the NF2 motherboard would encounter this problem, you can install the latest nForce2 dedicated USB2. .0 Drivers and patches, new motherboard and operating system patches patches, or not work, then try to refresh the motherboard BIOS in general can solve. .


4. the system or the BIOS. When you are in the BIOS or operating system is disabled in the occurs when the USB USB device is recognized in the system. The workaround is to turn on and the USB device-related options.


【】 Full analysis of USB technology. .


USB (Universal Serial Bus) is used to apply USB peripherals connected to a host of external bus structure, it is mainly used for medium-and low-speed peripherals. USB is a DIGITAL, COMPAQ, IBM, INTEL, MICROSOFT, NEC and Northern Telecom, seven companies have jointly developed a new kind of peripheral connection technology.. this technology will be a final settlement on serial and parallel devices how connected to the computer, greatly simplifies the connection between your computer and peripherals. . USB is a communications protocol at the same time, he supported the main system (host) and the USB peripheral device (device) between the data transfer. .


The advantages of USB is the following:.


1. . USB for all USB peripherals to provide a single, easy to operate the standard connection type. Thus simplifying the design of USB peripherals, but also simplifies the user plugs in determining which corresponds to which slot of the task, to achieve a single data common interface. .


2. excludes individual device .USB like mice, modems, keyboards, and printers on a system resource requirements, thus reducing the complexity of the hardware and the port occupies the whole of the system has only one USB port and an interrupt, saving system resources.


3. . USB hot-swappable (hot plug), that is not relevant in the case of PC can safely plug in and disconnect the USB device, dynamically load drivers. Other common peripheral connection standards, such as SCSI devices must be turned off where the host can add or remove peripherals. .


4. .USB support PNP. When you insert a USB device, the computer system detects the peripherals and automatic load-dependent driver to be configured on the device, and make it work properly.


5. . USB powered device to provide flexibility. USB Hub or directly connected to the device connected to the Host via USB cable power supply, can also be battery or other electrical equipment to power supply, or use a combination of two power supply. . And to support energy conservation hang up and wake-up mode. .


6. provide full speed 12Mbps .USB rate and slow the rate of 1 .5Mbps. to adapt to different types of peripherals.


7. . For the sudden can not handle non-continuous delivery of equipment, such as audio and video equipment, USB can guarantee fixed bandwidth. .


8. in order to adapt to a variety of different types of peripheral devices, USB offers four different types of data transfer.


9. . USB allows multiple external devices can communicate with the host. .


The purpose of the USB: 1, 2, and easy to use, you can provide real-time data to the PC 3, port flexible extensibility.


USB standard to www. . Usb. .org / developer to find, and you can also find the site an additional USB testing tool: usbcomp. . Exe, it contains a usbcheck tool can detect certain USB device is a high-level requirements. At the same time it has a usbcheck tool can detect HID (human interface device) device. The Win98 also has a "Ignore hubs" (Memphis only) in the detection window.。.


The basic characteristics of USB. .


Each device (device) will have one or more logical connection points inside, each connection point called endpoint. each endpoint there are four types of data transfer mode: control (Control) transmission; sync (isochronous) transmission; interrupt (interrupt) ways to transfer large (bulk). but all endpoint0 are used to configure and control the information delivered.


Endpoint in the host and the device is called a connection between the pipe "pipe", endpoint0 called the default (default pipe). .


For a group of similar nature of the combination of endpoint called interface (interface), if a device contains more than one interface can be called a composite (composite device).


By the same token, for the same type of interface combinations can be called "configuration" (configuration). But each time only one configuration is available, and once activated the configuration inside the interface and endpoint can be used simultaneously on both. .


Host from the device sends a description of the word (descriptors) to determine which configuration is used, which interface, and so on, which in the words of description is usually delivered in endpoint0.


Transmission. .


During USB data transfer mode, there are four types of of the transmission mode: control (Control) (isochronous) interrupt (interrupt) large (bulk). If you are starting from the hardware to design the entire system, you have to correctly select the transfer mode, but drivers written, just need to know what he is working on the line.


All the transmission mode is usually the initiative in PC side, which is host side. .


· Control (Control) mode: control transmission is bi-directional transfer, the amount of data is generally smaller. USB system software to the main query, configuration, and to send a generic USB device. Control transfer including 8, 16, 32, and 64 bytes of data, depending on the equipment and transmission speed. Control transmission typically used on the master computer and between the ends of the USB peripherals (Endpoint) transfer between 0, but the specified vendor control transmission may be used to other ends.


* Synchronous (isochronous) transmission: synchronous transmission bandwidth and provide a defined time interval (latency). It is used for time-critical and fault tolerance with a strong stream of data transmission, or for the required data transfer rate constant real-time applications. For example, the implementation of real-time VoIP call application, the use of Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a good choice. Synchronous data bandwidth required to determine the maximum value and determine the transmission number. For synchronous transmission, the real-time data transmission than perfect accuracy and data integrity is more important than others. .


· Interrupt (interrupt) transmission: interrupt mode transmission is mainly used for scheduled query device if there are any disruptive data you want to transfer. Device models for the endpoint determines the frequency of queries, from 1-255ms. This transport mode typical applications in a small number of dispersed and unpredictable data transmission. Keyboard, joystick and mouse are examples of this type. Interrupt transmission is one-way and enter the host, only way.


* Large (bulk) transmission: mainly used in data transfer and receive large data transfer, while no bandwidth and the time interval required in the circumstances, required to ensure transmission. Printers and scanners fall into this category. This type of devices suitable for transmission is slow and a large number of delayed transfer, you can wait until all other types of data transfer is complete and then send and receive data. .


There are a lot of information about the USB interface specification, and low-level hardware interface programming, content is very tumultuous, it here, here, just like everyone at the theoretical level on the USB one, so relatively high difficulty, suitable for the interest of the master browser.


Windows 2003】 【common fault solution. .


Windows 2003 has been launched for some time, I believe there is a lot of friends are using it. However, because Windows Server 2003 is targeted at and developed for the sound card, video card and other hardware settings of the default processing, so the individual user is used often for some "fault", of course, it is not difficult to solve.


1. Play movie screen rough. .


Many of my friends have this "encounter": your computer is configured to install the Windows 2003 video card can also be automatically recognized and installed, but when you play the movie screen is very rough, install the latest video card drivers that the image quality remains the same. In fact, this is because Windows 2003 default display option is not based on individual user needs to be optimized..


★ Solution: Right-click the desktop, and then click into the "Display Properties → Settings → Advanced → Troubleshooting", the "hardware acceleration" drag the cursor to the right "complete" and then click "OK" to exit. Then turn into the "Start → All Programs → Accessories → System Tools → System Information", select "Tools → DirectX Diagnostic Tool" (due process to gather system information, so they need a little wait to possible splash screen), select the "Show" selection key card, and then click Enable "DirectDraw Acceleration" and "Direct3D Acceleration" item, then click the "exit" button.


2. sound card does not work or voice seriously lagging behind.


In Windows 2003, most sound cards can continue to use their driver in Windows 2000/XP, and the older sound card (such as the Diamond S90, etc.) drive only manual installation. After the sound card drivers installed in Windows 2003 Standard Edition can be normal voice, but in the Enterprise, the system is not sound, or sound serious lag when playing games. .


★ Workaround: in order to enter the "Control Panel → sound and audio control device", tick the "audio" option, click OK. Then enter the "DirectX diagnostic tools", select "voice" tab, in the "acceleration level" moves the cursor to the right to "full speed", click "exit" and, finally, restart the computer.


3. IE security risk is always there to remind. .


"Feel the latest version of the most secure, but in Windows 2003, browse the Web, each visit to a page, IE will remind a security risk, if you wish to continue access, too inconvenient", often a friend this complaint. This problem occurs because the Windows 2003 IE default security level is "high", so that although security improves, but give us a daily Internet access problems.


★ Solution: Start IE, select "Tools → Internet Options" in the "Security" tab of the security level set to "China." .


4. run large software system unresponsive.


Server and workstation requirements on system resources is not the same, if we should always run as Photoshop, 3DSMAX and other software, system resources should be redistributed, modified to resemble the state of Windows XP. .


★ Solution: go to "control panel → system" select "Advanced" tab, and in "performance" column point "settings" button, select "Advanced" tab, in the "processor" and "memory usage" bar select the "program", the last point "OK" and restart your computer.


【Windows】 resolve common error codes. .


Detailed description of the Windows common illegal operation.


■. . Stop error number: 0x0000000A. .


RQL-NOT-LESS-OR-EQUAL description text.


The usual reasons: the driver uses an incorrect memory address. .


Solution: If you are unable to login, then restart the computer. when there is a list of available as system, press F8.. in the Windows Advanced Options menu screen, select "last known good configuration, and then press ENTER.


Check for proper installation of all new hardware or software. . If this is a new installation, contact the hardware or software manufacturer may need to get any Windows updates or driver. .


Run by the computer manufacturer offers all of the system diagnostic software, especially the memory check.


Disable or remove any newly installed hardware (RAM, adapters, hard drives, modems, etc.), drivers or software. .


Make sure that the hardware device drivers and system BIOS is the latest version.


To ensure that manufacturers can help you have the latest version, we can help you get the hardware. .


Disable BIOS memory options such as cache or shadow.


■. . Stop error code: 0x0000001E. .


Description: KMODE-EXPTION-NOT-HANDLED.


The usual reasons: the implementation of kernel-mode process tried an illegal or unknown processor instruction. .


Solution: make sure there is enough space, especially when performing a new installation time.


If you stop the error message pointed to a particular driver, then disable him. . If you can not start the computer. . Should try to use safe mode boot in order to remove or disable the driver. .


If you have not.


Microsoft to support the video driver, try switching to the standard VGA driver or Windows to provide the appropriate driver. .


Disable any newly installed drivers.


Ensure that the latest version of the system BIOS. . Hardware manufacturers can help determine whether you have the latest version, you can also help you get him. .


BIOS memory options such as cache, shadow.


■. . Stop error number: 0x00000023 or 0x00000024. .


Description: FAT-FILE-SYSTEM or MTFS-FILE-SYSTEM.


Common cause: issues in Ntfs. . Sys (allowing the system to read and write NTFS driver driver file) in. .


Solution: run by the computer manufacturer's system diagnostics software, especially hardware diagnostic software.


Disable or uninstall any anti-virus software, Disk Defragmenter, or backup program. .


At the command prompt, run the Chkdsk/f command to check for damage to your hard drive, and then restart the computer.


■. . Stop number: 0x0000002E. .


ATA-BUS-ERROR description text.


The usual reasons: the system memory parity error, typically caused by hardware problems. .


Solution: remove any newly installed hardware (RAM. hard drive adapter.... modem, etc.).


Run by the computer system manufacturer diagnostic software, particularly hardware diagnostic software. .


Make sure that the hardware device drivers and system BIOS is the latest version.


Hardware vendors use system diagnostics, run the memory check to find fault or mismatched memory. .


Disable BIOS memory options such as cache or shadow.


After the start list can be used as the system, press F8. . In the Windows Advanced Options Menu screen, select "start VGA mode:.. And then press Enter.. If this does not solve the problem, may need to switch to a different video adapter list, a list of supported video adapters , see the hardware compatibility list..


■. Stop code: 0x0000003F.


Caption: NO-MOR-SYSTEM-PTES. .


The usual reasons: Oh right to clean driver.


Solution: Disable or uninstall any anti-virus software, disk fragmentation or backup processing procedures. .


■: Stop error code: 0x00000058.


Caption: FTDISK-INTERN-ERROR. .


The usual reasons: fault-tolerance set a main drive fails.


Solution: Use the Windows installation disk to start the computer, from the mirror (2) system boot drive. . About how to edit the Boot. . Ini file to point to the mirror image of the system drive guide is available MIcrosoft Support Services Web site search "Edit..


ARC path"。.


■. . Stop error number: 0x0000007B. .


NACCESSI-BLE-BOOT-DEVICE description text.


Common cause: Initialize I / O system (usually refers to the boot device or file system) failed. .


Solution: boot sector viruses often cause this stop error. use anti-virus software to the latest version, check your computer for viruses. If you find a virus, you must perform the necessary not find him clear from your computer, see your antivirus software documentation for information on how to perform these steps.


Remove all newly installed hardware (RAM, adapters, modems, etc.). .


Check the MIcrosoft hardware compatibility list to ensure that all hardware and drivers are compatible with Windows.


If you use the proper SCSI adapter, available from hardware vendors in addition to the latest WINDOWS driver, disable the SCSI device synchronization consultation, check whether the end of the SCSI chain and matching these devices SCSI. .


ID, if you're not sure how to perform these steps, you can refer to the documentation for the hardware device.


If you are using IDE devices, the board's IDE port is defined as the only major port. . Check the IDE device master / slave / unique setting. . Removal of the addition to all the IDE hard disk devices outside. . If you can not identify how the implementation of these do not look for, refer to the hardware documentation. .


If the computer has been formatted with the NTFS file system, you can restart the computer, and then in the system partition to run Chkdsk.


/ F / r command. . If the system can not start due to an error, then use the command console, and run Chkdsk / r command. .


Run Chkdsk.


/ F command to determine whether the file system damage. . If Windows can not run Chkdsk command, the drive to other computers running Windows, then this computer, the drive to run Chkdsk command. .


■. Stop 0x0000007F error code:.


Caption: UNEXPECTED-KERNEL-MODE-TRAP. .


The usual reason: is usually due to hardware or software problem, but are generally caused by faulty hardware.


Solution: check the Microsoft Hardware Compatibility List to ensure that all hardware and drivers are compatible with Windows. . If the computer is not compatible motherboards will produce this problem. .


Remove any newly installed hardware.


Run by the computer manufacturers to provide diagnostic software for all systems, especially the memory check. .


Disable BIOS memory options such as cache or shadow.


■. . Stop error number: 0x00000050. .


AGE-FAULT-IN-NONPAGED-AREA description text.


The usual reasons: memory error (data not use paging file-swapping to disk). .


Solution: remove any newly installed hardware.


Run by the computer manufacturers to provide all the system diagnostics software. . Especially the memory check. .


Check for correct installation of all new hardware or software, if this is a new installation, contact your hardware or software manufacturer, you may need to update any Windows or driver.


Disable or uninstall any anti-virus program. .


Disable BIOS memory options such as cache or shadow.


■. . Stop error number: 0x00000077. .


Description: KERNEL-STEL-STACK-INPAGE-ERROR.


The usual reasons: no kernel data from the paging file will read the required page into memory. .


Workaround: use antivirus software to the latest version, check your computer for viruses. If you find a virus, then perform the necessary steps to clear away from your computer. Please refer to the manufacturer's diagnostic software on all systems, especially the memory check.


Disable BIOS memory options such as cache, shadow. .


■. Stop 0x00000079 error number:.


Caption: MISMATCHED-HAL. .


The usual cause: hardware abstraction layer and the kernel or machine types do not match (which usually happens in a single-processor and multi-processor configuration files in the same system).


Solution: To resolve this error, use the command console to replace the system files on a computer error. .


Single processor system kernel file is a .exe, Ntoskml. multiprocessor systems kernel file is a .exe, but Ntkrnlmp!, these files to the installation media, which corresponds to the file; you install Windows2000 and irrespective of the use of the original file will be renamed to Ntoskrnl. .exe file. HAL file after the installation is also using name Hal. .dll but on the installation media, but on the installation media, there are several possible HAL file.


■. . Stop error number: 0x0000007A. .


Description: KERNEL-DATA-INPAGE-ERROR.


The usual reasons: no kernel data from the paging file will read the required page into memory. (Usually due to failure of the paging file, virus, disk controller error, or caused by the failure of the RAM). .


Workaround: use antivirus software to the latest version, check for viruses on your computer. If you find a virus. Then perform the necessary steps to clear away from your computer, please refer to the risk of software documentation to learn how to perform these steps.


If the computer has been formatted using the NTFS file system. Can restart the computer, and then run on the system partition Chkdsk. .


/F/r command. If you cannot start because of an error, then use the command command console and run the Chkdsk/r command.


Run by the computer manufacturer in the very end of all the system software, especially the memory check. .


■. STOP 0xC000021A error number:.


Caption: STATUS-SYSTEM-PROCESS-TERMINATED. .


The usual cause: a user-mode subsystem, for example, Winlogon or client server runtime subsystem (CSRSS) has been damaged, it cannot guarantee security.


Solution: relieved of all newly installed hardware. .


If you cannot login, then restart the computer. When you receive a list of available as system while pressing F8. Advanced options in Windows2000 menu screen, select "last known good configuration". Then by car.


Fault recovery units, and allow the system to repair any detected errors. .


■. Stop error code: 0xC0000221.


Caption: STATUS-IMAGE-CHECKISU7M-MISMATCH. .


The usual reasons: the driver or system DLL has been corrupted.


Solution: Fault recovery console, and allows the system to repair any detected errors. .


If you add RAM to your computer, immediately after an error occurs, the paging file might be corrupted or the new RAM by a faulty or incompatible. Delete Pagefile. .sys and the system returns to the original RAM configuration.


Run by the computer manufacturers to provide all the system diagnostics software, especially the memory check. .